Aurora

Microsoft's open foundation model for weather and Earth-system prediction (entry filed at the 1.5 release; the line dates to the 2024 Nature paper). Aurora 1.5 adds 22 new variables, hourly resolution, and ensemble forecasting, and reports beating ECMWF's ENS ensemble on 88.9% of targets at days 1–10 — an open model outperforming the operational gold standard across most of the medium range. On-thesis scientific foundation model alongside GraphCast/GenCast and NVIDIA's Earth-2 line.